Urologists are medical specialists who diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions related to the urinary system and male reproductive organs. Some common conditions they treat include urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, bladder pain, erectile dysfunction, infertility, urinary incontinence, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of the prostate). They also address more serious concerns such as urologic cancers, including bladder, prostate, and kidney cancer. Urologists play a vital role in improving patients' quality of life and addressing both routine and complex urological problems.